Trends in private caregiving cost after implementing a comprehensive nursing service covered by national health insurance: Interrupted time series.

BACKGROUND: The Korean government has implemented a comprehensive nursing care service system (CNS) to mitigate the stress faced by caregivers. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess trends in the estimated average costs of private caregiving and determine the difference in costs between those using CNS and those not using it. DESIGN: A comparative interrupted time series analysis with a 2-year lag period verified total private caregiving cost trends; biannual differences in costs were evaluated based on using CNS. PARTICIPANTS: The main unit of analysis was episode. We extracted a total of 6418 episodes of hospitalization in acute care settings that included the use of caregiving services (formal, informal caregiving and CNS). METHODS: We conducted segmented regression to assess the impact of CNS on total private caregiving costs using data from 2012 to 2018, excluding the years 2015 and 2016 of the Korean Health Panel dataset. RESULTS: We presented that the immediate mean difference in total private caregiving costs between CNS users and non-users was -444.7 USD two years after the implementation of the CNS policy (95 % CI -714.5 to -174.5, p-value 0.001). Among individuals living in rural areas, two years after the implementation of the CNS policy, there was a significant immediate mean cost difference of -476.9 USD in total private caregiving costs between CNS users and non-users (p-value 0.011). Similarly, for episodes with a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score of 0 to 1, there was a substantial immediate mean cost difference in total private caregiving costs between CNS users and non-users, amounting to -399.9 USD two years after the CNS policy (p-value 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: This study evaluated the trend of total private caregiving costs between groups using and not using CNS. After two years of being covered by CNS health insurance, those who utilized CNS paid $433 less for their total private caregiving cost over a 6-month period, compared to those who did not use CNS. The adoption of CNS may be an effective system for relieving the financial burden on inpatients in need of private caregiving services. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Korean Comprehensive Nursing Service reduces private caregiving costs.

Impact of home-visit nursing service use on costs in the last 3 months of life among older adults: A retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Considering Japan's aging society, the number of older individuals who die at home is expected to increase. In Japan, there are challenges in utilizing and promoting home-visit nursing services at the end of life for community-dwelling older adults. We examined the use of home-visit nursing services at the end of patients' lives and the recommended use patterns of this service (utilization, timing of initiation, and continuity) that contribute to reducing the medical care and long-term care costs (total costs) in the last 3 months of life. DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. METHODS: We examined 33 municipalities in Japan, including depopulated areas. The analysis included 22,927 people aged 75 or older who died between September 2016 and September 2018. We used monthly medical care and long-term care insurance claims data. Participants were classified into five groups based on their history of home-visit nursing service use: (1) early initiation/continuous use, (2) early initiation/discontinued or fragment use, (3) not-early initiation/continuous use, (4) not-early initiation/fragment use, and (5) no use. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between total costs in the last 3 months of life and patterns of home-visit nursing service use. RESULTS: Overall, the median age was 85, and 12,217 participants were men (53.3%). In the last half year before death, 5424 (23.7%) older adults used home-visit nursing services. Multivariable linear regression analysis of the log10-transformed value of total costs revealed that compared with the no use group, the early initiation/continuous use group was estimated to have 0.88 times (95% confidence interval: 0.84, 0.93) the total costs in the last 3 months of life (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Early initiation use of home-visit nursing services may contribute to reducing total costs in the last 3 months of life for Japanese people aged 75 years or older living at home as they approach the end of life. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When approaching the end of life, many older adults require daily life care and palliative care. Policymakers are strengthening end-of-life care for community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Although the current results do not demonstrate the effectiveness of home-visit nursing services, they provide a perspective from which to assess the use of home-visit nursing services and its impact on older adults. The findings can be helpful in considering how to provide nursing care in home-care settings for older adults who prefer to spend their final days at home.

Internet appointment has more advantages than traditional appointment in the nursing service of dry eye patients.

Dry eye disease is one of the most common eye diseases. Clinical studies have found that meibomian gland expression can effectively improve the function of meibomian glands in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Compared with traditional appointments, Internet appointment has advantages in treating dry eye disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect 300 patients with dry eye disease through an online questionnaire. Using Pearson chi-squared test, associations between the clinical parameters and appointment mode were analyzed. Spearman-rho test was executed to compare clinical data and appointment mode for correlation analysis and relationship between score of advantages of Internet booking (SOAIB), evaluation of the effectiveness of the Internet booking (EEIB), waiting in line for medical treatment (WMT). Univariate logistic regression analysis calculated the odds ratio (OR) of appointment mode for potential correlation factors. By using Pearson chi-squared test, SOAIB (P = .005), EEIB (P = .029) and WMT (P = .041) was significantly correlated with the appointment mode. Spearman correlation coefficient displayed that appointment mode was significantly correlated with EEIB (ρ = -0.126, P = .029) and WMT (ρ = 0.118, P = .041). Univariate logistic regression and concludes that EEIB (OR = 0.183, 95%CI: 0.033-1.004, P = .05), WMT (OR = 2.543, 95%CI: 1.013-6.384, P = .047) have a clear correlation with appointment mode. Spearman correlation coefficient displayed that SOAIB was significantly correlated with EEIB (ρ = -0.247, P < .001) and WMT (ρ = 0.157, P = .006). Internet appointment can effectively reduce the waiting time for dry eye disease treatment by meibomian gland expression. Effectiveness evaluation of Internet appointments is significantly higher than traditional appointments.

Los cuidados enfermeros de San Juan de Dios según el Modelo de las necesidades humanas de Henderson / Cuidados de enfermagem de São João de Deus segundo o modelo de necessidades humanas de Henderson / Nursing care of Saint John of God according to Henderson's model of human needs

Consulting manuals of the History of Nursing, it can be appreciated how it is from Nightingale when considering the birth of modern or professional Nursing. However, this belief could be a black legend, because before the 19th century there was already awareness of Nursing as a profession, being this initiated by Juan de Dios, the one from Granada, in the Spanish 16th century. For this reason, in this article we have set the objective of describing the care of Juan de Dios following the model of human needs described by Henderson, together with care in agony and post-mortem. To do this, we use the historiographical methodology following the current of the history of mentalities, so that we can go from the past to the present, and vice versa. In the documentary analysis we have been able to observe how what we find today systematized in a theoretical way was already carried out at the beginning of the nursing reform of the Spanish 16th century, being a valid model for current Nursing, since it is found in its being, knowing , and doing, the concepts of the current nursing metaparadigm, although not explicitly, since its intention, more than theoretical, was care, although behind it there was a corpus of doctrine independent of other socio-health disciplines.(AU)

Consultando manuales de Historia de la Enfermería, se puede apreciar cómo es a partir de Nightingale cuando se considera el nacimiento de la Enfermería moderna o profesional. Sin embargo, esta creencia podría ser leyenda negra, pues antes del S. XIX ya existía conciencia de Enfermería como profesión, siendo esta iniciada por Juan de Dios, el de Granada, en el S. XVI español. Por ello, en el presente artículo hemos marcado como objetivo el describir los cuidados de Juan de Dios siguiendo el modelo de necesidades humanas descritas por Henderson, junto con los cuidados en la agonía y post-mortem. Para ello, utilizamos la metodología historiográfica siguiendo la corriente de la historia de las mentalidades, de manera que podamos ir del pasado al presente, y viceversa. En el análisis documental hemos podido observar cómo lo que hoy encontramos sistematizado de manera teórica, ya se realizaba en el inicio de la reforma enfermera del S. XVI español, siendo un modelo válido para la Enfermería actual, pues se encuentra en su ser, saber, y hacer, los conceptos del metaparadigma enfermero actuales aunque no de manera explícita, puesto que su intención, más que teórica, era asistencial, aunque detrás de ella hubo un corpus doctrinal independiente a otras disciplinassocio-sanitarias.(AU)

Ao consultar os manuais da História da Enfermagem, podese apreciar como é a partir de Nightingale quando se considera o nascimento da Enfermagem moderna ou profissional. No entanto, esta crença pode ser uma lenda negra, pois antes do século XIX já existia a consciência da Enfermagem como profissão, sendo esta iniciada por Juan de Dios, o de Granada, no século XVI espanhol. Por isso, neste artigo estabelecemos o objetivo de descrever o cuidado de Juan de Dios seguindo o modelo de necessidades humanas descrito por Henderson, juntamente com o cuidado em agonia e post-mortem. Para isso, utilizamos a metodologia historiográfica seguindo a corrente da história das mentalidades, para que possamos ir do passado ao presente e vice-versa. Na análise documental pudemos observar como o que encontramos hoje sistematizado de forma teórica já foi realizado no início da reforma da enfermagem espanhola do século XVI, sendo um modelo válido para a Enfermagem atual, uma vez que se encontra em seu ser, saber e fazer, os conceitos do atual metaparadigma da enfermagem, ainda que não explicitamente, pois sua intenção, mais do que teórica, era o cuidado, embora por trás dele houvesse um corpus de doutrina independente de outras disciplinas sócio-sanitárias.(AU)

Sustaining a culture of safety and optimising patient outcomes while implementing zero harm programme: a 2-year project of the nursing services - SBAHC.

This quality improvement report details how Sultan Bin Abdulaziz Humanitarian City (The City), the largest rehabilitation facility within Middle East with a capacity of 511 beds and more than 20 nursing in-patient units improved the quality and patient safety culture in nursing services after successfully adopting and implementing the zero harm programme.In healthcare settings, the idea of zero harm including zero incidents, zero injuries and injury-free are commonly used to highlight the importance of patient safety. Patient injuries and deaths resulting from hospital-acquired illnesses such as medication administration errors, falls, central line-associated bloodstream infections, hospital-acquired pressure injuries and catheter-associated urinary tract infection are largely preventable and grossly unacceptable occurrences. Achieving zero incidents of such critical measures can significantly impact treatment plan and enhance patient experience.The projects' purpose was to build a new culture of safety by implementing innovative strategy designed to protect patients from preventable harm while maintaining an extraordinary high standard of quality patient care. Additionally, the programme was established with the aim of instilling a sense of commitment to every nurse working in this organisation to anticipate potential harms and to be vigilant to prevent it before it reaches the patient.This document also describes a set of initiatives aimed at mitigating preventable incidents and ultimately achieving zero harm on our organisation. The result showed a significant increase by 95% between the percentage of nursing units that had 365 days of zero harm in 2020 and 2021. This improvement indicates that the concept of zero harm had been successfully inculcated among nursing units and had motivated nursing staff to uphold a higher culture of patient safety. Furthermore, by incorporating the Just Culture model into the electronic reporting system, the reporting rate of occurrences in the zero-harm programme was supported and sustained.

Nurses' perceptions of engaging in internet-based nursing services: A qualitative study based on three hospitals in China.

AIM: In response to the ageing population and shortage of human resources for nursing care, China is piloting internet-based nursing services (nurses who provide this care are called online nurses). Nurses are the providers of this model, so it is important to understand their perceptions. We aim to explore nurses' perceptions of engaging in internet-based nursing services. DESIGN: This study is descriptive qualitative research, so the data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative research method based on the theory of planned behaviour, using thematic analysis. METHODS: With personal semi-structured interviews conducted by two Master of Science in Nursing with 18 online nurses and nine clinical nurses, terminated after information saturation. RESULTS: Nurses' emotional attitudes towards internet-based nursing services were generally positive, but their behavioural intentions were negative. Social support, hospital organisational climate and family responsibilities had a statistically significant impact on nurses' behavioural decisions. Internet-based nursing services place higher demands on nurses' knowledge and skills, and nurses are most concerned with ensuring patient and nurse safety. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No Patient or Public Contribution.

Confianza y actitud tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE / Trust and attitude after a negative diagnosis for allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs

Objetivo: determinar el grado de confianza en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia en pacientes con sospecha de hipersensibilidad a antibióticos betalactámicos y/o AINE. Adicionalmente se pretendía describir la actitud del paciente hacia la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio.Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se seleccionaron 103 pacientes mayores de 18 años, de ambos sexos y con un resultado negativo en las pruebas diagnósticas de alergia a betalactámicos y/o AINE. Los participantes fueron evaluados mediante un cuestionario heteroadministrado en la práctica clínica habitual de alergología.Resultados: el grado de confianza hacia la etiqueta previa de alergia fue moderado para antibióticos betalactámicos (6,4/10) y para AINE (6,1/10), elevado hacia el diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 7,5/10; AINE: 7,9/10), y moderado con relación a la futura toma del fármaco estudiado, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia (betalactámicos: 6,7/10; AINE: 6,3/10). El grado de confianza hacia el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a betalactámicos o AINE aumenta con relación al conferido previamente por el de sospecha, en ambos fármacos (p= 0,01).Conclusiones: el grado de confianza de los pacientes en el diagnóstico de exclusión de alergia a fármacos betalactámicos y/o AINE es elevado. Sin embargo, la confianza para la toma futura del fármaco que motivó el estudio, tras un diagnóstico negativo de alergia, se reduce a moderada. Los profesionales de la salud deben proporcionar una educación sanitaria efectiva que resuelva las inseguridades hacia la realización de la prueba y refuerce la confianza del paciente para la toma futura del fármaco.(AU)

Objective: to determine the level of trust in the diagnosis excluding allergy in patients with suspected hypersensitivity to betalactam antibiotics and/or NSAIDs. Additionally, it was intended to describe the attitude of patients towards taking in the future the drug which motivated the study.Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted; 103 >18-year old patients were selected, of both genders and with a negative result in diagnostic tests for betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. Participants were evaluated through a heteroadministered questionnaire at their usual Allergology clinical practice.Results: the level of trust towards the previous allergy label was moderate for betalactam antibiotics (6.4/10) and for NSAIDs (6.1/10), high towards the negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 7.5/10; NSAIDs: 7.9/10), and moderate regarding taking in the future the drug under study, after a negative diagnosis for allergy (betalactam drugs: 6.7/10; NSAIDs: 6.3/10). The degree of trust towards the diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs or NSAIDs increased regarding the previous degree for suspected allergy, in both drugs (p= 0.01).Conclusions: there is a high degree of trust in patients regarding their diagnosis excluding allergy to betalactam drugs and/or NSAIDs. However, trust regarding taking in the future the drug which motivated the study, after a negative diagnosis of allergy, was reduced to moderate. Health professionals must provide effective health education that solves uncertainties in terms of conducting the test and reinforces trust by patients for taking the drug in the future.(AU)

Implementation of nursing services in community corrections: A community-academic partnership.

Persons who are incarcerated (PWAI) suffer from a disproportionately higher number of physical and mental health conditions. While most jails and prisons provide onsite healthcare, community correctional centers often do not and accessing community healthcare is challenging due to insurance issues, inadequate health literacy, mistrust, and long waits for appointments. A registered nurse-led wellness clinic provides a viable solution to addressing the healthcare needs of PWAI in a community correctional setting. Through a community-academic partnership between a college of nursing and two community correctional transitional centers for men, a registered nurse (RN) faculty member and nursing students provide onsite healthcare. Services include, but are not limited to, acute and chronic disease management, case management, healthcare navigation, and health education. In the first 2 years of operation, there have been 587 new resident health assessments, 882 RN visits, and 152 group education sessions. RN visits have been primarily for: connection to resources (42.6%), medication management (15.6%), and acute conditions (12%). A RN-led wellness clinic is an innovative way to address health needs for PWAI. While this model of care focuses on an academic RN faculty practice at community correctional centers it could be replicated across community settings.

Components of Professional Practice Models.

OBJECTIVE: This study describes common components of nursing professional practice models (NPPMs) of Magnet ® -designated nursing service organizations. BACKGROUND: Components of professional practice models have not been consistently analyzed, suggesting a need to identify their concepts. Evidence-based guidelines may be unavailable to assist in the creation and revision of models. METHODS: A checklist was used to analyze 56 Web-based NPPMs of Magnet-designated nursing departments. RESULTS: Checklist items showed a match with parent organizations, an emphasis on patient- or family-centered care, a commitment to quality nursing services, and nursing's professional distinctiveness. Responses indicated engagement in shared governance and support of nursing staff's professional development. The concepts of health, care of sick and well people, and scope of nursing services were inconsistently addressed and call for further research. CONCLUSION: Nurse leaders should examine concepts in NPPMs and the extent they distinguish nursing's professional identity both within and externally to the organization.

Nursing Services in the First Level of Care in Colombia. Analysis of the Offer 2002-2020.

OBJECTIVES: This work sought to characterize the primary care nursing consultation services reported in the official systemsof health services records in Colombia between 2002 and 2020. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study. Node geographic analysis and descriptive statistics were performed for quantitative data from the Special Registry of Health Providers and the Ministry of Health and Social Protection. RESULTS: The study identified 6079 nursing services of which 72% are outpatient, 95.05% are assigned to institutions providing health services, 99.75% are of low complexity, and 48.22% of the offer was created in the last five years. The nodes with the highest increase in the offer of services are Caribbean (n = 909) and Pacific (n = 499), while Amazon (n = 48) showed the lowest offer in the last five years. CONCLUSIONS: Disparity is evident in the availability of services by region and node, in addition to a low liberal exercise to provide nursing care.

Developing wound services through digitising wound assessment: the benefits and challenges in a rural community nursing service.

The documentation of wound assessments are an integral part of the holistic care of a patient and form the foundation of effective wound care. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about challenges in delivering services. Telehealth was at the forefront of the agenda in many organisations, but within wound care services the physical interaction between clinician and patient needed to continue. With the nurse staffing crisis hitting most areas, there is an ongoing threat to deliver safe and effective care. The aim of this study was to review the benefits and challenges of digital wound assessment technology in clinical practice. The author looked at reviews and guidance on the integration of technology within clinical practice. It was found that utilising digital tools in daily practice can empower clinicians in many ways. The most immediate aim of digitised assessment would be to streamline documentation and assessment processes. However, there are multiple factors in embedding this type of technology into daily practice that can cause challenges, dependent on clinical area and clinician uptake.

Efectividad de una intervención hospitalaria para disminuir interrupciones durante la preparación y administración de medicación / Effectiveness of a hospital intervention for reducing interruptions during medication preparation and administration

Objetivo: valorar la efectividad del uso de chaleco de alerta en la reducción de interrupciones durante las rondas de preparación y administración de medicación en el entorno hospitalario, y recoger las experiencias de los profesionales de Enfermería en relación con ellosMétodo: estudio cuasiexperimental pre y posintervención sin grupo control. La intervención consistió en dar información al equipo asistencial, pacientes y familiares de la importancia de no interrumpir el proceso de medicación, colocación de carteles informativos en las unidades e implementación de chalecos de un solo uso para visibilizar esa actividad. Los datos se recogieron mediante observación directa pre y posintervención en cuatro unidades de hospitalización durante la ronda de medicación. Adicionalmente se realizó una encuesta de opinión a los participantes.Resultados: en el periodo preintervención se observaron a 29 profesionales durante 29,2 horas. Se produjeron 516 interrupciones, una cada 3,23 (DE:1,18) minutos. En el periodo posintervención se observaron a 26 profesionales durante 19 horas y se produjeron 210 interrupciones, una cada 5,26 (DE: 3,44) minutos de media (p= 0,001). Un 58,8% creía que no era una medida efectiva para la reducción de las interrupciones, el 61,8% pensaba que los pacientes/familiares no entendían bien la medida, y el 11,5% sugería buscar medidas más ecológicas.Conclusiones: los chalecos disminuyeron el número de interrupciones aumentando el tiempo entre ellas, aunque seguía siendo considerable. Esto, sumado a la baja satisfacción de los profesionales y al impacto medioambiental, supuso la desestimación del chaleco de alerta como medida efectiva en la reducción de las interrupciones en el proceso de medicación.(AU)

Objective: to assess the effectiveness of the warning vest upon the reduction of interruptions during the medication preparation and administration rounds in the hospital setting, and to collect the experiences of Nursing professionals regarding this.Method: a quasi-experimental pre-and-post intervention study without control arm. The intervention consisted in giving information to the healthcare staff, patients and relatives, about the importance of not interrupting the medication process, as well as placing informative posters in the units, and implementing one-single-use vests to make this activity visible. Data were collected through direct observation pre-and-post intervention in four hospitalization units during medication rounds. Additionally, an opinion survey was conducted among participants.Results: in the pre-intervention period, 29 professionals were observed during 29.2 hours. There were 516 interruptions, one every 3.23 (SD:1.18) minutes. In the post-intervention period, 26 professionals were observed during 19 hours, and there were 210 interruptions, one every 5.26 (SD: 3.44) minutes as mean (p= 0.001). Of these professionals, 58.8% believed that this was not an effective measure for reducing interruptions, 61.8% thought that patients / relatives did not understand the measure well, and 11.5% suggested looking for measures which were more ecological.Conclusions: vests reduced the number of interruptions and increased the time between them, even though this continued being significant. Added on to the low satisfaction by professionals and its environmental impact, this entailed the rejection of warning vests as an effective measure for the reduction of interruptions during the medication process.(AU)

Noticia singular. Cartas que curan, cuando las palabras se convierten en cariño / Singular news. Letters that heal, when words become affection

Hay que remontarse a febrero de 2020 para entender esta historia. Si alguien hubiera contado lo que iba a pasar, nadie le hubiera creído. Los telediarios de todo el mundo no paraban de emitir noticias sobre un virus que cada día hacía enfermar a más personas. En España, el número de pacientes comenzaba a incrementarse sin freno. El mundo se paralizó, menos el de los profesionales sanitarios que, con miedo, incertidumbre y cansancio, no dejaban de luchar para seguir ayudando y evitar pasar a ser un enfermo más. Nadie sabía nada, ni cómo había que actuar, ni cómo se acababa con un virus que cada día ocasionaba más fallecimientos.(AU)

Con E de enfermera... GERIÁTRICA / With E for nurse... GERIATRIC

La Enfermería es una profesión muy vocacional, Alma Matilla tenía claro que la elegiría al ser la labor fundamental del cuidado. Matilla ha pasado por varias áreas, incluida la Geriatría, una especialidad muy importante que muchas veces no está reconocida ni suficientemente valorada. Hablamos con ella sobre su experiencia con mayores, el porqué de dedicarse a ellos y la visión que tiene de esta especialidad.(AU)

Compartiendo METAS con Jorge Blass / Sharing GOALS with Jorge Blass

Con tan solo seis años comenzó a practicar magia en casa gracias a un juego de mesa que le regalaron sus padres. Poco a poco, Jorge Blass fue sumergiéndose en este mundo leyendo, visitando tiendas de magia y acudiendo a una escuela específica. Es cierto eso de que es difícil hacerse un hueco, pero a Jorge le atrapó el misterio y el amor por ese arte, y trabajando duro y sin parar logró crecer y evolucionar hasta dedicarse a la magia por completo, llegando a participar en televisión, a crear su propia empresa de shows y proyectos de magia, e incluso ser miembro fundador de la Fundación Abracadabra de Magos Solidarios, una organización sin ánimo de lucro que lleva magia a hospitales y residencias. ¿Con qué otro truco nos sorprenderá?.(AU)

Al colgar el pijama: más allá de la Enfermería / When hanging up your pajamas: beyond Nursing

Paco, el enfermero, o Paco, el roquero. Tener dos profesiones que además son tus pasiones no es imposible, eso bien lo sabe Paco González, que es enfermero de la Unidad de Neurología del Hospital Universitario Son Espases (Illes Balears) y bajista del grupo catalán Anegats. Paco mezcla sus dos trabajos de manera simultánea desde hace más de 20 años y admite que en el hospital donde trabaja como enfermero le suelen reconocer por su faceta de músico.(AU)

Seguimiento de pacientes COVID-19 en aislamiento domiciliario mediante telemonitorización desde Atención Primaria / Follow-up for COVID-19 patients in home isolation through telemonitoring by Primary Care

El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la experiencia de la implantación de la herramienta de teleseguimiento “TELEA” en el ámbito de Atención Primaria (AP) para la gestión de los casos COVID-19 en aislamiento domiciliario, así como describir su primer mes de implantación en el Área Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela y Barbanza (septiembre de 2020).La herramienta TELEA existía previamente para el seguimiento de personas con patología crónica y se adaptó al seguimiento en casos COVID-19. El servicio incluía una clasificación inicial de los pacientes tras la notificación automática e inmediata de pruebas diagnósticas positivas de COVID: asintomático, bajo riesgo, con factores de riesgo o con signos de alarma. En los tres primeros casos se ofrecía a los pacientes seguimiento y monitorización mediante una plataforma digital donde registraban datos biométricos y síntomas respiratorios tres veces al día. Esos datos estaban enlazados a la historia clínica y eran monitorizados por la enfermera de AP. Alternativamente se realizó seguimiento telefónico proactivo por parte de la enfermera. Si presentaban signos de alarma eran derivados al hospital de referencia.Se hizo seguimiento en 220 de las 229 personas candidatas (el 78,6%; n= 173 mediante TELEA). El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 13,8 días, mayor en los pacientes incluidos en TELEA que en el seguimiento telefónico (p< 0,01). Ingresaron durante el seguimiento el 6,8 % de los pacientes, ninguno falleció.El teleseguimiento con telemonitorización domiciliaria basada en el control proactivo y protocolizado por parte de la enfermera de AP permitió un seguimiento clínicamente útil de pacientes con COVID-19 en aislamiento domiciliario.(AU)

The objective of this article is to make public the experience of implementing the telemonitoring tool “TELEA” in the Primary Care (PC) setting for the management of COVID-19 cases in home isolation, as well as to describe its first month of implementation at the Santiago de Compostela and Barbanza Health Area (September 2020).The TELEA tool was previously used for the follow-up of persons with chronic conditions, and was then adapted for the follow-up of COVID-19 cases. The service included an initial classification of patients after the automatic and immediate report of positive COVID diagnostic tests: asymptomatic, low risk, with risk factors or with warning signs. In the three first cases, patients were offered follow-up and monitoring through a digital platform where biometric data and respiratory symptoms were registered three times per day. These data were linked with the clinical record and monitored by the PC nurse. Alternatively, there was proactive follow-up by telephone by the nurse. If patients presented warning signs, they were referred to the hospital of reference.Follow-up was conducted for 220 of the 229 adequate persons (78.6%; n= 173 through TELEA). The mean follow-up time was 13.8 days, higher for the patients included in TELEA than for those with follow-up by telephone (p< 0.01). During follow-up, 6.8% of patients were admitted to hospital; none of them died.Remote follow-up with home telemonitoring based on the proactive management under protocol by the PC nurse allowed a clinically useful follow-up of patients with COVID-19 in home isolation.(AU)

Prática clínica do enfermeiro na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos de pandemia Covid-19: análise na perspectiva da gestão em saúde / Clinical practice of nurses in primary health care in times of the Covid-19 pandemic: analysis from the perspective of health management

Resumo: A ressignificação da prática clínica do enfermeiro na atenção primária à saúde (APS) requer a compreensão das diferentes dimensões influenciadoras, tais como a social e a política, financeira, nos micros e macro espaços de atuação que envolvem a sua efetividade e consolidação no modelo assistencial, seja no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19 ou no cotidiano da APS. Neste sentido, questiona-se como o modelo assistencial dos municípios no Estado do Paraná propicia a prática clínica do enfermeiro na APS. Tem-se como objetivo geral: analisar o modelo assistencial em saúde dos municípios e sua relação com a prática clínica do enfermeiro na APS sob o contexto da pandemia Covid-19. Como objetivos específicos: caracterizar o modelo assistencial em saúde municipal nas suas relações com a prática clínica do enfermeiro; identificar a percepção dos gestores em saúde sobre o papel do enfermeiro no que se refere à prática clínica na APS; reconhecer o papel do enfermeiro na APS frente à pandemia Covid-19, suas práticas clínicas como estratégias de acesso para o atendimento à saúde da população; identificar as divergências e convergências entre a prática clínica do enfermeiro, o modelo assistencial e os atributos essenciais da Atenção Primária. O método foi composto por uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo exploratória e descritiva, realizada no Estado do Paraná, contemplando um município em cada regional de saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista com apoio de roteiro semiestruturado. Foram realizadas 26 entrevistas, no período de maio a dezembro de 2021. Os participantes foram gestores municipais com funções relacionadas ao planejamento, a organização e a direção da atenção primária à saúde. Os aspectos éticos foram seguidos, conforme o disposto na Resolução nº. 466, de 12 de dezembro de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Para apoiar a análise, utilizou-se o software IRAMUTEQ na organização e processamento dos dados, e na sequência foi realizada a análise das convergências e divergências evidenciadas, na qual foi utilizado a Hermenêutica Dialética (HD). Os resultados foram organizados em cinco classes intituladas: A percepção dos gestores sobre a prática clínica do enfermeiro na APS; O enfermeiro na gestão, organização e desenvolvimento do modelo assistencial na APS; A retomada das ações em saúde na atenção primária pós pandemia da Covid-19; A organização do modelo assistencial durante a pandemia da Covid-19 na APS e a atuação clínica do enfermeiro na APS com foco principal no atendimento às condições crônicas. Em relação às convergências e divergências identificadas, destaca-se a necessidade de proximidade entre os atributos da APS, que muitas vezes são destacados, ou organizados de maneira isolada, sem integração ou relação entre eles. Outro ponto, que há um consenso entre os gestores que a prática clínica do enfermeiro é fundamental para o fortalecimento da APS, mas diverge da percepção de que alguns enfermeiros elegem as atividades administrativas em detrimento da clínica, entendendo que pode implicar no avanço da prática clínica avançada no Brasil. A pesquisa contribuiu para refletir sobre a ressignificação da prática clínica do enfermeiro, principalmente no contexto da atenção primária à saúde. Ainda, sobre o papel estrutural do Estado, chama a atenção para que o mesmo: reconheça e assuma seu papel na elaboração, articulação, implementação, acompanhamento e avaliação do modelo assistencial, principalmente no apoio aos municípios; identifique a prevalência de modelos assistenciais, cooperando com mudanças que forem necessárias, principalmente na transição de um modelo fragmentado para um que atenda e articule os princípios do SUS. Ademais, este estudo contribui com a temática, demonstrando que a atuação do enfermeiro é fundamental na APS, no que se refere ao acesso, a coordenação do cuidado, integralidade e longitudinalidade. Além disso, há entendimento sobre a importância da prática clínica do enfermeiro para fortalecimento da APS e melhoria dos serviços prestados à população. Contudo, faz-se necessário discutir sobre a prática clínica do enfermeiro com o conjunto da sociedade, e principalmente com os gestores e formuladores das leis no país.

Abstract: The redefinition of the clinical practice of nurses in primary health care (PHC) requires the understanding of the different influencing dimensions, such as social and areas that involve their effectiveness and consolidation in the care model, whether in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic or in the daily life of PHC. In this sense, it is questioned how the care model of the municipalities in the State of Paraná provides the clinical practice of nurses in PHC. The general objective is to analyze the health care model of the municipalities and its relationship with the clinical practice of nurses in PHC under the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Specific objectives: to characterize the municipal health care model in its relations with the clinical practice of nurses; to identify the perception of health managers about the role of nurses in clinical practice in PHC; To recognize the role of nurses in PHC in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, their clinical practices as strategies of access to health care for the population; to identify the divergences and convergences between the clinical practice of nurses, model and the essential attributes of Primary Care. The method was composed of a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research, carried out in the State of Paraná, including one municipality in each health region. Data collection was performed through an interview with the support of a semi-structured script. Twentysix interviews were conducted from May to December 2021. The participants were municipal managers with functions related to the planning, organization and direction of primary health care. The ethical aspects were followed, according to the provisions of Resolution n. 466, of December 12, 2012, of the National Health Council. To support the analysis, the IRAMUTEQ software was used in the organization and processing of the data, and then the analysis of convergences and divergences was performed, in which the Dialectical Hermeneutics (DH) was used. The results were organized into five classes entitled: The perception of managers about the clinical practice of nurses in PHC; The nurse in the management, organization and development of the care model in PHC; The resumption of health actions in primary care after the Covid-19 pandemic; The organization of the care model during the Covid-19 pandemic in PHC and the clinical performance of nurses in PHC with a main focus on meeting chronic conditions. Regarding the convergences and divergences identified, the need for proximity between the attributes of PHC is highlighted, which are often highlighted, or organized in isolation, without integration or relationship between them. Another point, that there is a consensus among managers that the clinical practice of nurses is fundamental to the strengthening of PHC, but diverges from the perception that some nurses elect administrative activities over the clinic, understanding that it may imply the advancement of advanced clinical practice in Brazil. The research contributed to reflect on the resignification of nurses' clinical practice, especially in the context of primary health care. Also, on the structural role of the State, draws attention to the same: to recognize and assume its role in the preparation, articulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the care model, especially in supporting municipalities; identify the prevalence of care models, cooperating with changes that are necessary, especially in the transition from a fragmented model to one that meets and articulates the principles of the SUS. In addition, this study contributes to the theme, demonstrating that the role of nurses is fundamental in PHC, with regard to access, coordination of care, comprehensiveness and longitudinality. In addition, there is an understanding of the importance of nurses' clinical practice to strengthen PHC and improve the services provided to the population. However, it is necessary to discuss the clinical practice of nurses with society as a whole, and especially with managers and law makers in the country.